Ma'anar ƙamus na rabon tantanin halitta shine tsarin da kwayar halitta guda ɗaya ta raba zuwa ɗiya biyu ko fiye. Tsari ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke da mahimmanci don haɓaka, haɓakawa, da kiyaye halittu masu rai. Akwai nau'i biyu na rabon tantanin halitta: mitosis da meiosis. Mitosis shine tsarin rabon tantanin halitta wanda ke haifar da samuwar sel 'ya mace guda biyu, yayin da meiosis shine tsarin rarraba tantanin halitta wanda ke haifar da samuwar sel 'ya mace guda hudu daban-daban, wanda ke shiga cikin samar da gametes (sperm da qwai). ) a cikin kwayoyin halittar jima'i.